India registers over 200 HMPV cases in 2024; scientists confirm it is not a new virus

In 2024, India recorded over 200 cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus that primarily affects children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Health officials and scientists have emphasized that HMPV is not a newly discovered virus, but its rising case numbers have brought renewed attention to its public health impact.

HMPV was first identified in 2001 by Dutch scientists, though studies suggest it may have been circulating among humans for decades. The virus belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, the same group as the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and can cause mild to severe respiratory illnesses, particularly in vulnerable populations.

In India, pediatricians in urban centers like Mumbai, Delhi, and Bengaluru have reported a noticeable increase in cases this year. Symptoms of HMPV infection are similar to those of the flu and other respiratory infections, including fever, cough, nasal congestion, and difficulty breathing. Severe cases can lead to bronchitis or pneumonia, necessitating hospitalization in some instances.

Public health experts have also pointed to seasonal patterns as a factor in the increase. Like influenza, HMPV cases tend to surge during colder months. With improved awareness and access to diagnostic tools, the virus is now being detected more frequently.

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV. Management is primarily supportive, focusing on alleviating symptoms through hydration, fever management, and oxygen therapy for severe cases. Prevention strategies include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and wearing masks in crowded areas.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified HMPV as a significant pathogen of interest, and global health agencies are urging continued research into vaccine development and treatment options.

While the rising cases highlight the importance of vigilance, scientists urge against panic, emphasizing that most infections resolve without complications. The health ministry is closely monitoring the situation and working on public awareness campaigns to address concerns effectively.